Ilona Warf's blog ::Hill and Doll Doctors Study and Deaths from Lung Cancer since 1980

Ｌｕｎｇｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｕｍａｎ               ｂｏｄｙ               ａｒｅ               ｔｗｏ               ｐａｉｒｅｄ               ｏｒｇａｎｓ               ａｎｄ               ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍ               ｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ.

Ｅａｃｈ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｉｓ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｔｅｎ               ｔｏ               ｔｗｅｌｖｅ               ｉｎｃｈｅｓ               ｌｏｎｇ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｌｕｎｇｓ               ａｒｅ               ｓｅｐａｒａｔｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｄｉａｓｔｉｎｕｍ,               ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｅａｒｔ,               ｔｒａｃｈｅａ,               ｅｓｏｐｈａｇｕｓ               ａｎｄ               ｂｌｏｏｄ               ｖｅｓｓｅｌｓ.

Ｃｏｖｅｒｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｕｎｇｓ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｕｌｍｏｎａｒｙ               ｐｌｅｕｒａ               ｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅ.

Ｅａｃｈ               ｄａｙ,               ａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ               ｔｈｅ               ａｖｅｒａｇｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｂｒｅａｔｈｓ               ｉｓ               23,000,               ａｎｄ               ａｌｍｏｓｔ               10,000               ｑｕａｒｔｓ               ｏｆ               ａｉｒ               ｅｎｔｅｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｕｎｇｓ.

Ａｉｒ               ｅｎｔｅｒｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｕｎｇｓ               ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｏｓｔｒｉｌｓ               ｏｒ               ｍｏｕｔｈ               (Ａｉｒ               ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ               ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ               ｇａｓｅｓ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ               ｏｘｙｇｅｎ)               ｄｕｒｉｎｇ               ｉｎｈａｌａｔｉｏｎ.

Ｏｘｙｇｅｎ               ｉｓ               ｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌ               ｔｏ               ｋｅｅｐ               ａｌｉｖｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｅｌｌｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｏｄｙ               ｂｙ               ｐｒｏｖｉｄｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｎｅｒｇｙ               ａｎｄ               ｇｒｏｗｔｈ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｏｘｙｇｅｎ               ｔｒａｖｅｌｓ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｉｎｙ               ａｉｒ               ｓａｃｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｕｎｇｓ               ｃａｌｌｅｄ               ａｌｖｅｏｌｉ.

Ｅａｃｈ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ               ａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ               300               ｔｏ               400               ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ               ａｌｖｅｏｌｉ.

Ｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ａｌｖｅｏｌｉ               ａｒｅ               ｍｉｎｕｔｅ               ｂｌｏｏｄ               ｖｅｓｓｅｌｓ               (ｃａｐｉｌｌａｒｉｅｓ),               ｗｈｅｒｅ               ｏｘｙｇｅｎ               ｉｓ               ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ               ａｎｄ               ｃａｒｂｏｎ               ｄｉｏｘｉｄｅ               ｇａｓ               ｉｓ               ｒｅｌｅａｓｅｄ               (Ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ               ｗｈｅｎ               ｃｅｌｌ               ｂｒｅａｋｓ               ｄｏｗｎ               ｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｓ               ａｓ               ｐａｒｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｏｄｙ'ｓ               ｅｎｅｒｇｙ               ｍａｋｉｎｇ               ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ).

Ｏｎｃｅ               ｏｘｙｇｅｎ               ｅｎｔｅｒｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｌｏｏｄｓｔｒｅａｍ               ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｃａｐｉｌｌａｒｉｅｓ,               ｔｈｅ               ｈｅｍｏｇｌｏｂｉｎ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｌｏｏｄ               ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｏｘｙｇｅｎ,               ａｎｄ               ａｒｔｅｒｉｅｓ               ｃａｒｒｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｏｘｙｇｅｎ               ｔｏ               ｓｕｓｔａｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｉｆｅ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｉｓｓｕｅｓ               ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｏｄｙ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｃａｒｂｏｎ               ｄｉｏｘｉｄｅ               ｉｓ               ｅｘｈａｌｅｄ               (ｅｘｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ)               ｏｕｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｕｎｇｓ               ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｕｔｈ               ｏｒ               ｎｏｓｅ.

Ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ｔｈａｔ               ｆｏｒｍｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｉｓｓｕｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｉｓ               ｃａｌｌｅｄ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ,               ｕｓｕａｌｌｙ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｅｌｌｓ               ｌｉｎｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ａｉｒ               ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ.

Ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ,               ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               Ｌｕｎｇ               Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ,               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               (ｂｏｔｈ               ｍｅｎ               ａｎｄ               ｗｏｍｅｎ)               ｒｅｍａｉｎｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｎｅ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ｋｉｌｌｅｒ.

Ｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ｉｓ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｌｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｕｐ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｒｅｅ               ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ               ｄｅａｔｈｓ               ａｎｎｕａｌｌｙ.

Ｔｗｏ               ｍａｉｎ               ｔｙｐｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ:               Ｓｍａｌｌ               ｃｅｌｌ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ａｎｄ               ｎｏｎ-ｓｍａｌｌ               ｃｅｌｌ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ.

Ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｉｎｇ               ｅｉｔｈｅｒ               ｔｙｐｅ               ｏｆ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ｉｓ               ｂａｓｅｄ               ｕｐｏｎ               ｈｏｗ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｅｌｌｓ               ｌｏｏｋ               ｕｎｄｅｒ               ａ               ｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｅ.

Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃａｎｃｅｒ               Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ,               ｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               2007:               Ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｅ               213,380               ｏｆ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               (ａｌｌ               ｔｙｐｅｓ)               ａｎｄ               160,390               ｄｅａｔｈｓ.

Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               Ｌｕｎｇ               Ｃａｎｃｅｒ               Ａｌｌｉａｎｃｅ,               ｓｅｖｅｎｔｙ               ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ｉｓ               ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｔｅ               ｓｔａｇｅｓ,               ａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ａ               ｈｉｇｈ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｄｅａｔｈｓ.

Ｉｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｕｍｏｒ               (ｃａｎｃｅｒ)               ｈａｓ               ｓｐｒｅａｄ               (ｍｅｔａｓｔａｓｉｚｅｄ)               ｔｏ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｏｒｇａｎｓ,               ｎｉｎｅｔｙ-ｆｉｖｅ               ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ               ａｒｅ               ｄｅａｄ               ｗｉｔｈｉｎ               ｆｉｖｅ               ｙｅａｒｓ.

Ｕｎｆｏｒｔｕｎａｔｅｌｙ,               ｉｎ               ｍａｎｙ               ｃａｓｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ               ｂｅｃｏｍｅ               ｎｏｔｉｃｅａｂｌｅ               ｄｕｒｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ               (ｌａｔｅ)               ｓｔａｇｅ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔ               ｉｓ               ｏｆｔｅｎ               ｆａｔａｌ.

Ｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ               ｏｆ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ:               Ｐｅｒｓｉｓｔｅｎｔ               ｃｏｕｇｈｉｎｇ,               ｃｈｅｓｔ               ｐａｉｎ,               ｃｏｕｇｈｉｎｇ               ｕｐ               ｂｌｏｏｄ,               ｓｈｏｒｔｎｅｓｓ               ｏｆ               ｂｒｅａｔｈ               (ｗｈｅｅｚｉｎｇ               ｏｒ               ｈｏａｒｓｅｎｅｓｓ),               ｓｗｅｌｌｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｃｋ               ａｎｄ               ｆａｃｅ,               ｒｅｐｅａｔｅｄ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｐｎｅｕｍｏｎｉａ               ｏｒ               ｂｒｏｎｃｈｉｔｉｓ,               ｌｏｓｓ               ｏｆ               ａｐｐｅｔｉｔｅ               ｏｒ               ｗｅｉｇｈｔ               ｌｏｓｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｆａｔｉｇｕｅ.
               Ｔｈｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｎｅ               ｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               (80               ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ               ｉｎ               ｗｏｍｅｎ               ａｎｄ               90               ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ               ｉｎ               ｍｅｎ)               ａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               (ｃａｒｃｉｎｏｇｅｎｓ).

Ｔｈｅ               ｌｅｎｇｔｈ               ｏｆ               ｔｉｍｅ               ａ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎ               ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｓ               ｔｏ               ｓｍｏｋｅ               ａｎｄ               ａｍｏｕｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｃａｒｃｉｎｏｇｅｎ               ｉｎｈａｌｅ,               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎ'ｓ               ｃｈａｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               ｃｏｎｔｒａｃｔｉｎｇ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ.

Ｔｗｅｎｔｙ-ｆｉｖｅ               ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｓｅｃｏｎｄ               ｈａｎｄ               ｓｍｏｋｅｒｓ               ｏｒ               ｐａｓｓｉｖｅ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               (ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ'ｓ               ｓｍｏｋｅ)               ａｒｅ               ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｅｄ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ.

Ｉｎ               1993,               ｔｈｅ               Ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌ               Ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ               Ａｇｅｎｃｙ               ｃｌａｉｍｅｄ               ａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ               3,000               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ               ｄｅａｔｈｓ               ａ               ｙｅａｒ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｃａｕｓｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｐａｓｓｉｖｅ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ.

Ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ               ａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ:               Ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｒａｄｏｎ               ｇａｓ,               ａｓｂｅｓｔｏｓ,               ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ               (ｖｉｎｙｌ               ｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅ,               ａｎｄ               ｎｉｃｋｅｌ               ｃｈｒｏｍａｔｅ'ｓ)               ｃｏａｌ               ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｆａｍｉｌｙ               ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ.
               Ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｉｚｅｄ               ｃｈｅｓｔ               ｓｃａｎ               (ＣＴ)               ｄｅｔｅｃｔｓ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ.

Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,               ｔｈｅ               ｔｅｓｔ               ｈａｓ               ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ               ｆａｌｓｅ               ａｌａｒｍｓ,               ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｎｇ               ｂｏｔｈ               ｍａｌｉｇｎａｎｔ               ａｎｄ               ｂｅｎｉｇｎ               (ｎｏｎ-ｃａｎｃｅｒｏｕｓ)               ｓｐｏｔｓ.

Ｄｒ.

Ｓｉｍｏｎ               Ｄ.

Ｓｐｉｖａｃｋ,               ｐｕｌｍｏｎｏｌｏｇｉｓｔ               ａｔ               Ｗａｄｓｗｏｒｔｈ               Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ,               ｔｈｅ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎｅｗ               Ｙｏｒｋ               Ｓｔａｔｅ               Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               Ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｓａｉｄ:               "Ｗｈａｔ               ｗｅ               ｆｏｕｎｄ               ｉｎ               ｍｉｄｄｌｅ               -               ａｇｅ               ｓｍｏｋｅｒｓ               ｉｓ               ｔｈａｔ               20               ｔｏ               80               ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｈａｖｅ               ｎｏｄｕｌｅｓ               (Ｓｍａｌｌ               ｍａｓｓｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｉｓｓｕｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｕｎｇｓ).

Ｂｕｔ               95               ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｏｄｕｌｅｓ               ａｒｅ               ｎｏｔ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ａｎｄ               ａｒｅ               ｎｏｔ               ｇｏｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ."
               Ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｆｏｒ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ｄｅｐｅｎｄｓ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔａｇｅ               ｏｒ               ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｙｐｅ               ｏｆ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ.

Ｏｐｔｉｏｎｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ:               Ｓｕｒｇｅｒｙ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｍｏｖｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ,               ｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｒ               ｃｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒａｐｙ               (ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ)               ｏｒ               ａ               ｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓ.

Ａｌｓｏ,               ｇｅｎｅ               ｔｈｅｒａｐｙ               ｉｓ               ｕｎｄｅｒｗａｙ               ｔｏ               ｆｉｎｄ               ａ               ｎｅｗ               ａｐｐｒｏａｃｈ               ｔｏ               ｃｕｒｅ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ.
               Ａ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ａｎａｌｙｚｅｄ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｂｒｅａｔｈ               ｔｅｓｔ,               ｄｅｔｅｃｔｓ               ｅａｒｌｙ               ｓｔａｇｅ               ｏｆ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ,               ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ
               ｂｙ               Ｍｅｎｓｓａｎａ               Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               (Ｎｅｗ               Ｊｅｒｓｅｙ),               ｗｈｅｎ               ｉｔ'ｓ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｃｕｒａｂｌｅ,               ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ               ｉｎ               Ｃａｎｃｅｒ               Ｂｉｏｍａｋｅｒｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｆｕｎｄｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ               ｏｆ               Ｈｅａｌｔｈ.

Ｄｒ.

Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ               Ｐｈｉｌｌｉｐｓ,               Ｃｈｉｅｆ               Ｅｘｅｃｕｔｉｖｅ               Ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒ               ｏｆ               Ｍｅｎｓｓａｎａ               Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｓａｉｄ:               "Ｗｅ               ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ               ａ               Ｂｒｅａｔｈａｌｙｚｅｒ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｓ               ｏｎｅ               ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎ               ｔｉｍｅｓ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅ               ｔｈａｎ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｕｓｅ               ｔｏ               ｍｅａｓｕｒｅ               ａｌｃｏｈｏｌ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｒｅａｔｈ.

Ｉｔ               ｄｅｔｅｃｔｓ               ａｒｏｕｎｄ               200               ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ               ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎ'ｓ               ｂｒｅａｔｈ,               ａｎｄ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓ               ａｒｅ               ｍａｒｋｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               (Ｔｅｓｔ               ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓ               ｏｆ               ａ               ｃｏｌｏｒ               ｓｅｎｓｏｒ,               ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｎｇ               ｔｉｎｙ               ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ               ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｒｅａｔｈ               ｏｆ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ).

Ａ               ｂｒｅａｔｈ               ｔｅｓｔ               ｈａｓ               ｇｒｅａｔ               ａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓ               ｏｖｅｒ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ               ｔｅｓｔｓ               --               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｌｙ               ｓａｆｅ,               ｐａｉｎｌｅｓｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｎｏｎ               --               ｉｎｖａｓｉｖｅ.

Ａｌｌ               ｙｏｕ               ｈａｖｅ               ｔｏ               ｄｏ               ｉｓ               ｂｒｅａｔｈｅ               ｇｅｎｔｌｙ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｕｂｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｗｏ               ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ.

Ｔｈｅｒｅ               ａｒｅ               ｎｏ               ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙ               ｄａｎｇｅｒｏｕｓ               ｘ               --               ｒａｙｓ               ｔｏ               ｗｏｒｒｙ               ａｂｏｕｔ,               ａｎｄ               ｉｔ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｙ               ｂｅ               ａ               ｌｏｔ               ｌｅｓｓ               ｅｘｐｅｎｓｉｖｅ               ｔｈａｎ               ｃｈｅｓｔ               ｉｍａｇｉｎｇ."               Ｅａｒｌｙ               ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅ               ｏｆ               ｌｉｖｅｓ               ｓａｖｅｄ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｏｇｎｏｓｉｓ               ｏｆ               ｅａｒｌｙ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｉｓ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｆａｖｏｒａｂｌｅ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ               404               ｓｍｏｋｅｒｓ               ａｎｄ               ｅｘ-ｓｍｏｋｅｒｓ               ａｇｅｄ               ｏｖｅｒ               ｓｉｘｔｙ.

Ｔｈｅ               ａｃｃｕｒａｃｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｒｅａｔｈ               ｔｅｓｔ               ｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｅｄ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａｌｍｏｓｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｓａｍｅ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ               ａｓ               ａ               ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｉｚｅｄ               ｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ               ｏｒ               ｃｈｅｓｔ               ＣＴ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｗ               ｔｅｓｔ               ｃａｎ               ｐｒｅｄｉｃｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｒｅｅ               ｏｕｔ               ｏｆ               ｆｏｕｒ               ｔｉｍｅｓ.

Ｒｅｇａｒｄｌｅｓｓ               ｏｆ               ａｇｅ,               ｇｅｎｄｅｒ               ｏｒ               ｓｔａｇｅ               ｏｆ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ,               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ               ａｒｅ               ｎｏｔ               ａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｂｒｅａｔｈ               ｔｅｓｔ               ｈａｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｙｅｔ               ｂｅｅｎ               ａｐｐｒｏｖｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               Ｆｏｏｄ               ａｎｄ               Ｄｒｕｇ               Ａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ               ｍａｙｂｅ               ｍａｄｅ               ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ               ｉｎ               Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ               Ｕｎｉｏｎ.

Ｍｅｎｓｓａｎａ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ               ａｒｅ               ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇ               ｂｒｅａｔｈ               ｔｅｓｔｓ               ｔｏ               ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓ               ｅａｒｌｙ               ｓｔａｇｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ,               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ               ｐｕｌｍｏｎａｒｙ               ｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌｏｓｉｓ,               ｂｒｅａｓｔ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ,               ａｎｄ               ｉｓｃｈｅｍｉｃ               ｈｅａｒｔ               ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ.

Ｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｌｙ,               ｔｈｅ               ＦＤＡ               ａｐｐｒｏｖｅｄ               Ｍｅｎｓｓａｎａ               Ｈｅａｒｔｓｂｒｅａｔｈ               ｔｅｓｔ,               ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｓ               ｉｆ               ａ               ｈｅａｒｔ               ｔｒａｎｓｐｌａｎｔ               ｉｓ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ｒｅｊｅｃｔｅｄ               ａｎｄ               ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙ               ｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｂｉｏｐｓｉｅｓ,               ｔｒａｎｓｐｌａｎｔ               ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ               ｏｆｔｅｎ               ｈａｖｅ               ｔｏ               ｅｎｄｕｒｅ.
               Ｉｎ               Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ               2007,               ａ               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｂｙ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈ.

Ｌｅｅ               Ｍｏｆｆｉｔｔ               Ｃａｎｃｅｒ               Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ               &               Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ,               ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｎｅｗ               Ｅｎｇｌａｎｄ               Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ               ｏｆ               Ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ,               ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃ               ｔｅｓｔ               (Ｃｏｍｂｉｎｉｎｇ               ＨｉｓｔｏＲＸ               ＰＭ-2000(ＴＭ)               ｉｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               ＡＱＵＡ(Ｒ)               ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ)               ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｓ,               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｅａｒｌｙ               -               ｓｔａｇｅ               ｌｕｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ               ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｃｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒａｐｙ               (Ｄｒｕｇｓ               ｕｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｋｉｌｌ               ｍｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓ               ａｎｄ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ｃｅｌｌｓ               ｏｒ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ               ｄｒｕｇｓ),               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ               ｂｅｔｔｅｒ               ｏｆｆ               ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｔｅｓｔ               ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｓ               ｔｈｅ               ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｗｏ               ｇｅｎｅｓ:               ＲＲＭ1               ａｎｄ               ＥＲＣＣ1.

Ｏｎｃｏｌｏｇｉｓｔ               Ｄｒ.

Ｇｅｒｏｌｄ               Ｂｅｐｌｅｒ               (Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ               ｉｎ               Ｔａｍｐａ               Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ)               ｓａｉｄ:               "Ｂｏｔｈ               ｇｅｎｅｓ               ｃｏｍｅ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｐｌａｙ               ｗｈｅｎ               ｗｅ               ａｒｅ               ｓｔａｒｔｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｔｒｅａｔ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｃｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒａｐｙ.

Ｉｆ               ｔｈｅ               ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｇｅｎｅｓ               ｉｓ               ｈｉｇｈ,               ｔｈｅｙ               ａｒｅ               ｃａｐａｂｌｅ               ｏｆ               ｒｅｐａｉｒｉｎｇ               ｃｅｌｌｓ.

Ｔｈａｔ               ｉｓ               ｇｏｏｄ               ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｉｔ               ｍｅａｎｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔ               ａｇｇｒｅｓｓｉｖｅ.

Ｂｕｔ               (ｔｈｅ               ｇｅｎｅｓ)               ｃａｎ               ｃｏｕｎｔｅｒａｃｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｏｆ               ｃｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒａｐｙ."               Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ,               ａｖｅｒａｇｅ               ｓｕｒｖｉｖａｌ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｈｉｇｈ               ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ＲＲＭ1               ｇｅｎｅ               ｗａｓ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｔｈｅｎ               120               ｍｏｎｔｈｓ,               ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄ               ｔｏ               54.5               ｍｏｎｔｈｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｗｈｏ               ｓｈｏｗｅｄ               ｌｏｗ               ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ.

Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               Ｄｒ.

Ｂｅｅｐｌｅｒ,               ｔｈｅ               ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃ               ｔｅｓｔ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｕｎｄｅｒｇｏ               ｔｒｉａｌ               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｎｄ               ｏｆ               2007,               ａｎｄ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｈｏｐｅｆｕｌｌｙ               ｂｅ               ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｗｏ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｒｅｅ               ｙｅａｒｓ.

Ｄｒ.

Ａｄｉ               Ｆ.

Ｇａｚｄａｒ,               ｄｅｐｕｔｙ               ｈｅａｄ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈａｒｍｏｎ               Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ               ｆｏｒ               Ｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃ               Ｏｎｃｏｌｏｇｙ               Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ａｔ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               Ｔｅｘａｓ               Ｓｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ               Ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ               Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ               ｉｎ               Ｄａｌｌａｓ,               ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃ               ｔｅｓｔ               ｓａｉｄ:               "Ｉｔ               ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｙ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｅｘｔｅｎｄｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｍａｎｙ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｆｏｒｍｓ               ｏｆ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ."

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