Ilona Warf's blog ::Danger in the Air: How to Protect Yourself from Lung Cancer

Ilona Warf's blog ::Danger in the Air: How to Protect Yourself from Lung Cancer

Ｎｉｃｏｔｉｎｅ               ｉｓ               ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ               ａ               ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｎｔ. Ｓｏｍｅ               ｈａｖｅ               ｅｖｅｎ               ｔｕｒｎｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｅｌｉｅｆ               ｉｔ               ｈｅｌｐｓ               ａｉｄ               ｗｅｉｇｈｔ               ｌｏｓｓ. Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ               ａｒｅ               ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ               ａｎ               ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ. Ｗｈａｔ               ｉｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ? Ｄｏｅｓ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ｃａｕｓｅ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ? Ｔｈｅ               ｒｅａｓｏｎ               ｎｉｃｏｔｉｎｅ               ｉｓ               ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ               ａ               ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｎｔ               ｉｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｔ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓ               ｈｅａｒｔ-ｒａｔｅ               ａｎｄ               ｂｌｏｏｄ               ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ. Ｉｔ               ａｌｓｏ               ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｅｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ               ｎｅｒｖｏｕｓ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ. Ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ａｒｅ               ｆｅｌｔ               ａｌｍｏｓｔ               ｉｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅｌｙ               ｕｐｏｎ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ａｓ               ｎｉｃｏｔｉｎｅ               ｃａｕｓｅｓ               ｈｅ               ｂｏｄｙ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｌｅａｓｅ               ａ               ｓｍａｌｌ               ａｍｏｕｎｔ               ｏｆ               ａｄｒｅｎａｌｉｎｅ. Ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｈｏｒｔ               ｔｅｒｍ,               ｔｈｉｓ               ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｃａｎ               ｍａｋｅ               ｙｏｕ               ｆｅｅｌ               ｍｏｒｅ               ａｌｅｒｔ,               ｂｕｔ               ａｎｙ               ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｉｎｇ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｄｏｎ'ｔ               ｌａｓｔ               ｌｏｎｇ.                Ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｗｅｌｌ-ｋｎｏｗｎ               ｔｈａｔ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ｉｓ               ａｄｄｉｃｔｉｖｅ               ａｎｄ               ｈａｓ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｌｉｎｋｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｃａｕｓｉｎｇ               ｃａｎｃｅｒ,               ｌｕｎｇ               ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ,               ｈｅａｒｔ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ,               ｓｔｒｏｋｅ               ａｎｄ               ｅｖｅｎ               ｗｒｉｎｋｌｅｓ. Ｗｉｔｈ               ｓｏ               ｍａｎｙ               ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓ               ｉｎ               ｃｉｇａｒｅｔｔｅｓ,               ｉｔ'ｓ               ｈａｒｄ               ｔｏ               ｋｎｏｗ               ｈｏｗ               ｍａｎｙ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｒｉｓｋｓ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ｃａｎ               ｃａｕｓｅ. Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ               ａｒｅ               ｌｏｏｋｉｎｇ               ａｔ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｒｉｓｋｓ               ｏｆ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ. Ｉｎ               ｔｒｙｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｈｅｌｐ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｑｕｉｔ,               ｔｈｅｙ               ａｒｅ               ｌｏｏｋｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｓｅｅ               ｉｆ               ｕｎｄｅｒｌｙｉｎｇ               ｍｏｏｄ               ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒｓ               ｍｉｇｈｔ               ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅ               ｔｏ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ.                Ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ               ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｄｏｎｅ               ｔｏ               ｓｅｅ               ｉｆ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｌｉｎｋ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ. Ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｈａｒｖａｒｄ               Ｒｅｖｉｅｗ               ｏｆ               Ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ               ｏｆ               Ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ               ｓｈｏｗ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｔｙｐｅ               ｏｆ               ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ.                Ｎｉｃｏｔｉｎｅ               ａｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｌｅａｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｎｅｕｒｏｔｒａｎｓｍｉｔｔｅｒｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｒａｉｎ,               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ               ｓｅｒｏｔｏｎｉｎ,               ｄｏｐａｍｉｎｅ               ａｎｄ               ｎｏｒｅｐｉｎｅｐｈｒｉｎｅ,               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ａｆｆｅｃｔ               ｍｏｏｄ. Ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ａｌｓｏ               ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｒｅａｋｄｏｗｎ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｍｏｏｄ               ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｎｇ               ｎｅｕｒｏｔｒａｎｓｍｉｔｔｅｒｓ. Ｔｈｉｓ               ｓｈｏｗｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｎｉｃｏｔｉｎｅ               ｗｏｒｋｓ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｓｉｍｉｌａｒ               ｆａｓｈｉｏｎ               ａｓ               ａｎｔｉｄｅｐｒｅｓｓａｎｔ               ｍｅｄｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ.                Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｈａｓ               ｓｈｏｗｎ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａ               ｈｉｇｈ               ｒａｔｅ               ｏｆ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ｍａｙ               ｈａｖｅ               ａ               ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ               ｏｒ               ｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ. Ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｔｈａｎ               ｈａｌｆ               ｏｆ               ａｌｌ               ｓｍｏｋｅｒｓ               ｍａｙ               ｓｕｆｆｅｒ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｔｙｐｅ               ｏｆ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ,               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ.                Ｑｕｉｔｔｉｎｇ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ｏｆｔｅｎ               ｃａｕｓｅｓ               ｌｏｗｅｒｅｄ               ｍｏｏｄ               ｌｅｖｅｌｓ. Ａｄｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ               ｏｆ               ｎｉｃｏｔｉｎｅ               ｗｉｔｈｄｒａｗａｌ               ａｎｄ               ｙｏｕ               ｃａｎ               ｓｅｅ               ｗｈｙ               ｍａｎｙ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｈａｖｅ               ａ               ｈａｒｄ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｑｕｉｔｔｉｎｇ. Ｔｈｅ               ｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ａｎｔｉｄｅｐｒｅｓｓａｎｔｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｏｒ               ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒａｌ               ｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｓ               ｏｆｔｅｎ               ａ               ｐａｒｔ               ｏｆ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ｃｅｓｓａｔｉｏｎ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ. Ｔｈｉｓ               ｈｅｌｐｓ               ｍａｎｙ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｒａｔｅ               ｏｆ               ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓ.                Ａ               ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ               ｔｏ               ａｓｋ               ｉｓ               ｄｉｄ               ｈｅａｖｙ               ｓｍｏｋｅｒｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ               ｂｅｆｏｒｅ               ｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｓｍｏｋｅ               ｏｒ               ｄｉｄ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ               ａｆｔｅｒ               ｕｓｉｎｇ               ｎｉｃｏｔｉｎｅ? Ｍｏｓｔ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ               ａｒｅ               ｓｉｍｐｌｙ               ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐ               ｏｆ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｈｏｗ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ａｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｓａｍｅ               ｎｅｕｒｏｔｒａｎｓｍｉｔｔｅｒｓ               ａｓ               ａｎｔｉｄｅｐｒｅｓｓａｎｔｓ. Ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ               ａｒｅ               ｌｅａｎｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｄｅａ               ｔｈａｔ               ｓｍｏｋｅｒｓ               ａｌｒｅａｄｙ               ｓｕｆｆｅｒｅｄ               ｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ               ｐｒｉｏｒ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｎｉｃｏｔｉｎｅ.                Ｂｕｔ               ｗｈａｔ               ｉｆ               ｓｍｏｋｅｒｓ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｍｏｏｄ               ｌｅｖｅｌｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅｎ               ｂｅｃａｍｅ               ａｄｊｕｓｔｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｉｇｈｅｒ               ｌｅｖｅｌｓ               ｏｆ               ｎｅｕｒｏｔｒａｎｓｍｉｔｔｅｒｓ               ａｎｄ               ｅｌｅｖａｔｅｄ               ｍｏｏｄ? Ａｔｔｅｍｐｔｓ               ｔｏ               ｑｕｉｔ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｔｈｅｎ               ｃａｕｓｅ               ｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ               ａｓ               ｍｏｏｄ               ｌｅｖｅｌｓ               ｄｒｏｐｐｅｄ               ｂａｃｋ               ｔｏ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｎｏｒｍａｌ               ｌｅｖｅｌｓ. Ｔｈｉｓ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｓｈｏｗ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｗａｓｎ'ｔ               ａｎ               ｕｎｄｅｒｌｙｉｎｇ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｖｅ               ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ               ｐｒｉｏｒ               ｔｏ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ｂｕｔ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｔ               ｗａｓ               ｃａｕｓｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ               ｌｅｖｅｌｓ               ｏｆ               ｎｅｕｒｏｔｒａｎｓｍｉｔｔｅｒｓ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｍｅｒｅｌｙ               ｌｅｖｅｌｉｎｇ               ｏｕｔ               ａｆｔｅｒ               ａｔｔｅｍｐｔｓ               ｔｏ               ｑｕｉｔ.                Ａ               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｒｃｈｉｖｅｓ               ｏｆ               Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ               Ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ               ｓｈｏｗｅｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｓｅｃｏｎｄｈａｎｄ               ｓｍｏｋｅ               ｃａｕｓｅｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｏｎｌｙ               ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｒｉｓｋｓ               ｂｕｔ               ａｎ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ               ｒｉｓｋ               ｆｏｒ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒｓ. Ｎｅａｒｌｙ               15%               ｏｆ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｄ               ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｉｃ               ｄｉｓｔｒｅｓｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｍａｎｙ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ａｄｍｉｔｔｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｉｃ               ｃａｒｅ               ｄｕｒｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｏｌｌｏｗ-ｕｐ               ｐｅｒｉｏｄ.                Ｔｈｉｓ               ｍｉｇｈｔ               ｌｅａｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｉｎｋｉｎｇ               ｔｈａｔ               ｃｉｇａｒｅｔｔｅ               ｓｍｏｋｅ               ｃａｕｓｅｓ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ               ｂｙ               ｌｏｗｅｒｉｎｇ               ｍｏｏｄ. Ｂｕｔ               ｗｈａｔ               ｉｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｅｃｏｎｄｈａｎｄ               ｓｍｏｋｅ               ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ               ｃａｕｓｅｄ               ａ               ｓｌｉｇｈｔ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ               ｉｎ               ｎｅｕｒｏｔｒａｎｓｍｉｔｔｅｒｓ               ａｎｄ               ｍｏｏｄ? Ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｄ               ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｓｅｃｏｎｄｈａｎｄ               ｓｍｏｋｅ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｃａｕｓｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎ               ｔｏ               ｂｅｃｏｍｅ               ａｄｊｕｓｔｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｈｉｇｈｅｒ               ｌｅｖｅｌｓ. Ｓｉｎｃｅ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｏｎ               ｍｏｏｄ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｓｅｃｏｎｄｈａｎｄ               ｓｍｏｋｅ               ａｒｅ               ｏｎｌｙ               ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｙ,               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｍｉｇｈｔ               ｓｕｆｆｅｒ               ｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ               ａｓ               ｍｏｏｄ               ｌｅｖｅｌｓ               ｌｏｗｅｒｅｄ               ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅ.                Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒ               ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｍａｄｅ               ｂａｓｅｄ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ. Ａｓ               ｉｔ               ｉｓ,               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ               ａｒｅ               ｌｅａｎｉｎｇ               ｔｏｗａｒｄ               ａｎ               ａｌｒｅａｄｙ               ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ               ｕｎｄｅｒｌｙｉｎｇ               ｍｏｏｄ               ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｗｈｏ               ｓｍｏｋｅ. Ｐｅｒｈａｐｓ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ｓｈｉｆｔ               ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｓｔａｒｔ               ｅｘａｍｉｎｉｎｇ               ｉｆ               ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｄ               ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｓｅｃｏｎｄｈａｎｄ               ｓｍｏｋｅ,               ｅｖｅｎ               ｄｕｒｉｎｇ               ｃｈｉｌｄｈｏｏｄ,               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｃａｕｓｅ               ａ               ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ               ｉｍｂａｌａｎｃｅ               ｂｙ               ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｉｌｙ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ               ｍｏｏｄ               ｌｅｖｅｌｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｌｅａｄ               ｔｏ               ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ｏｒｄｅｒ               ｔｏ               ｋｅｅｐ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｅｖｅｌｓ               ｕｐ.                Ｉｆ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｆｉｎｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｓｅｃｏｎｄｈａｎｄ               ｓｍｏｋｅ               ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｉｌｙ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓ               ｍｏｏｄ               ｌｅｖｅｌｓ               ａｎｄ               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｄ               ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｃａｕｓｅｓ               ｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ,               ｉｔ               ｍｉｇｈｔ               ｇｏ               ａ               ｌｏｎｇ               ｗａｙ               ｔｏ               ｆｉｎｄ               ｏｐｔｉｏｎｓ               ｉｎ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ. Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｏｐｔｉｏｎｓ               ｍａｙ               ｒｅｍａｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓａｍｅ               ｔｏ               ｈｅｌｐ               ｓｍｏｋｅｒｓ               ｔｏ               ｑｕｉｔ,               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔ               ｔｏ               ｋｎｏｗｉｎｇ               ｉｆ               ｓｅｃｏｎｄｈａｎｄ               ｃｉｇａｒｅｔｔｅ               ｓｍｏｋｅ               ｏｒ               ａｃｔｕａｌ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ｃａｕｓｅｓ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ.                ＳＯＵＲＣＥＳ:                Ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ               Ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ               ａｎｄ               Ｔｈｅｏｒｙ                Ｅｌｉｚａｂｅｔｈ               Ｑｕａｔｔｒｏｃｋｉ,               ｅｔ               ａｌ.;               Ｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ               Ａｓｐｅｃｔｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｌｉｎｋ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ;               Ｈａｒｖａｒｄ               Ｒｅｖｉｅｗ               ｏｆ               Ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ                ＡＨ               Ｇｌａｓｓｍａｎ;               Ｃｉｇａｒｅｔｔｅ               ｓｍｏｋｉｎｇ:               ｉｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｉｃ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ;               Ｔｈｅ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ               ｏｆ               Ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ                Ｍａｒｋ               Ｈａｍｅｒ,               ＰｈＤ,               ｅｔ               ａｌ.;               Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ               Ａｓｓｅｓｓｅｄ               Ｓｅｃｏｎｄｈａｎｄ               Ｓｍｏｋｅ               Ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅ               ａｎｄ               Ｍｅｎｔａｌ               Ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｉｎ               Ａｄｕｌｔｓ;               Ａｒｃｈｉｖｅｓ               ｏｆ               Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ               Ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ

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