레이블이 Pleural Plaque Disease인 게시물을 표시합니다. 모든 게시물 표시
레이블이 Pleural Plaque Disease인 게시물을 표시합니다. 모든 게시물 표시

2013년 10월 27일 일요일

Ilona Warf's blog ::...presence of artery-clogging plaque What does that actually...deep vein thrombosis, or in the lungs, called pulmonary embolism...pregnant. A woman who is on no hormonal contraception and...






Ilona Warf's blog ::...presence of artery-clogging plaque What does that actually...deep vein thrombosis, or in the lungs, called pulmonary embolism...pregnant. A woman who is on no hormonal contraception and...










Cocaine               is               the               second               most               used               illicit               drug               after               Marijuana               and               has               significant               detrimental               health               effects,               many               of               which               involve               the               heart.

The               cardiac               effects               of               cocaine               range               from               high               blood               pressure               to               the               more               severe               heart               failure               and               heart               attacks.

Cocaine               has               many               effects               on               the               blood               vessels               and               blood               components,               which               include               the               platelets.

When               one               ingests               cocaine,               one               of               the               major               responses               of               cocaine               is               its               vasoconstrictor               effect               on               the               blood               vessels,               which               means               that               it               will               cause               the               blood               vessels               throughout               the               body               to               clamp               down,               which               will               not               only               increase               the               blood               pressure,               but               over               time,               will               cause               the               heart               to               have               to               work               harder               to               pump               the               same               amount               of               blood               to               the               body.

Eventually,               if               one               is               a               chronic               cocaine               user,               the               heart               will               begin               to               tire               out               and               become               fatigued               because               the               heart               can               not               sustain               that               workload               for               such               a               prolonged               period               of               time.

At               times,               this               heart               failure               may               or               may               not               be               reversible               with               medications.

If               the               heart               fails               and               leads               to               heart               failure,               the               person               may               begin               to               have               blood               and               fluid               buildup               in               the               lungs,               which               will               cause               the               person               to               feel               short               of               breath               and               weak.

He               or               she               may               have               problems               lying               flat               or               sleeping               as               blood               tends               to               drain               more               towards               the               heart               and               lungs               in               a               supine               position,               which               will               make               the               shortness               worsen.

These               heart               failure               patients               may               need               to               be               treated               with               "water               pills"               (diuretics),               which               will               make               one               urinate               more               often,               however,               these               medications               only               treat               the               symptoms,               not               the               ultimate               problem               of               the               failure               heart.

The               ultimate               solution               is               cessation               of               all               cocaine               products,               blood               pressure               control               and               other               medications               such               as               beta               blockers               and               angiotensin               converting               enzyme               inhibitors.

The               latter               2               drugs               help               to               "remodel"               the               heart               and               potentially               improve               the               function.

If               medical               therapy               does               not               work,               these               individuals               with               heart               failure               are               at               risk               for               sudden               cardiac               death,               which               can               only               be               prevented               by               inserting               an               implantable               defribillator,               which               will               "shock"               them               out               an               abnormal               heart               beat               (very               similar               to               what               is               seen               on               TV               shows               such               as               ER               and               Grey's               Anatomy).
               Cocaine's               effects               on               the               blood               components               such               as               platelets               is               very               significant               and               provoke               increased               clotting               and               platelet               dysfunction,               which               will               cause               the               body               to               form               clots               and               may               plaque               rupture               in               the               arteries               surrounding               the               heart               or               even               a               stroke               in               the               brain.

It               may               even               increase               the               risk               of               blood               clots               in               the               legs,               which               could               travel               to               the               heart               and               cause               a               pulmonary               embolism               (clot               in               the               lungs).
               In               conclusion,               cocaine               has               very               serious               effects               on               the               heart               by               increasing               the               blood               pressure,               which               may               eventually               lead               to               heart               failure               and               sudden               cardiac               death               if               not               treated               appropriately.

Cocaine               is               known               to               induce               heart               attacks               through               many               mechanisms,               which               include               its               effects               on               blood               vessels               as               well               as               platelets.




Image of plaque on lungs




plaque on lungs
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    2013년 10월 26일 토요일

    Ilona Warf's blog ::...Nevertheless, the very next year, the National Cholesterol Education Program at the U.S. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute issued new recommendations that drastically ...






    Ilona Warf's blog ::...Nevertheless, the very next year, the National Cholesterol Education Program at the U.S. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute issued new recommendations that drastically ...










    Perhaps               the               heart-lung               machine               is               innocent               after               all,               when               it               comes               to               the               cognitive               decline               in               patients               following               coronary               bypass               surgery               and               other               heart               surgeries.

    For               quite               some               time,               the               heart-lung               machine               has               been               blamed               for               cognitive               issue               such               as               short-term               memory               problems               and               personality               changes               in               patients               immediately               after               bypass               surgery               and               other               cardiac               procedures.

    Studies               have               compared               patients               who               underwent               the               cardiopulmonary               bypass               (heart-lung               machine)               with               those               who               did               not,               and               correlations               in               cognitive               deficits               were               observed,               with               patients               who'd               been               on               the               heart-lung               machine               showing               more               cognitive               or               neurological               deficits               than               those               who               had               "off-pump"               surgery.
                   Furthermore,               cardiopulmonary               bypass               causes               release               of               inflammatory               responses               throughout               the               body               that               can               reach               the               brain,               and               also,               the               device               causes               "emboli"               (including               micro-bubbles               and               possibly               tiny               bits               of               plaque)               that               may               infiltrate               the               blood               and               these               may               find               their               way               to               the               brain.
                   Circumstantial               evidence               has               also               strongly               hinted               that               the               heart-lung               machine               can               impair               mental               functioning,               in               that               patients               who               were               perfectly               normal               before               surgery,               were               not               only               off-kilter               mentally               post-operatively,               but               in               some               of               these               patients,               their               sudden               post-op               confusion,               apathy,               lack               of               focus,               and               short-term               memory               problems               never               disappeared.
                   As               strong               as               all               this               evidence               seems               to               be,               Johns               Hopkins               research               insists               otherwise,               after               studying               227               heart               bypass               surgery               patients.

    Cardiac               surgeons               and               brain               scientists               in               the               study               reveal               that               cognitive               problems               and               long-term               memory               issues               are               the               result               of               the               coronary               artery               disease               itself,               rather               than               side               effects               of               the               heart-lung               machine.
                   Says               lead               study               author               Ola               A.

    Selnes,               Ph.D.,               a               professor               in               the               Division               of               Cognitive               Neuroscience               in               the               neurology               department               at               the               Johns               Hopkins               University               School               of               Medicine:               "Our               results               hammer               home               the               message               that               heart-lung               machines               are               not               to               be               blamed               for               cognitive               declines               observed               years               later               in               people               who               have               had               bypass               surgery."
                   This               new               evidence               opposes               previous               findings               that               heart-lung               machines               caused               side               effects               that               have               been               dubbed               "pumphead,"               meaning               temporary               memory               problems               and               confusion               immediately               post-op               in               many               coronary               bypass               patients.

    Patients               and               even               doctors               connected               the               dots               and               concluded               that               these               problems               stemmed               from               the               heart-lung               machine.
                   But               the               Johns               Hopkins               research               indicates               that               heart               disease,               not               the               heart-lung               machine,               is               responsible               for               cognitive               problems.

    Nevertheless,               it               is               not               well-understood               how               heart               disease               impacts               cognition.

    More               research,               including               brain               imaging               studies               pre-op               and               post-op,               is               warranted.
                   Interestingly,               prior               research               has               shown               that               about               half               of               people               who               are               scheduled               for               bypass               surgery               already               have               some               degree               of               early               brain               damage.

    The               Johns               Hopkins               study               results               appear               in               the               August               2009               Annals               of               Thoracic               Surgery.

    The               data               shows               no               disparity               in               brain               deficits               in               patients               who               had               bypass               surgery,               and               this               includes               75               patients               who               were               operated               off-pump,               and               99               who               chose               drugs               and               stenting               for               treatment.
                   However,               all               326               patients               were               found               to               have               substantial               cognitive               deterioration               over               the               six-year               study               time               period,               when               compared               to               69               people               with               healthy               hearts               who               had               no               known               risks               for               coronary               arterial               disease.
                   Despite               these               compelling               findings,               I               have               a               glaring               question:
                   How               do               you               explain               the               cognitive               issues               that               arise               immediately               after               a               heart-lung               bypass               operation,               that               linger               for               months               afterward,               and               especially               that               remain               permanent,               in               that               more               than               a               year               later,               even               several               years               later,               there               is               no               improvement?
                   If               this               is               the               result               of               heart               disease,               then               how               come               these               cognitive               issues               were               absent               prior               to               surgery?

    How               could               they               be               missed               prior               to               surgery               if               they               were               there?

    We're               talking               very               obvious               mental               issues,               not               subtle               ones.

    These               include               reports               from               the               bypass               patients               themselves,               claiming               that               ever               since               their               surgery,               they've               been               incapable               of               handling               higher               executive               functions,               among               other               cognitive               activities.

    And               these               immediate,               post-op               concerns               persist.
                   What               triggered               these?

    To               see               what               I               mean,               check               out               the               following               article,               and               its               many               comments               at:               http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=pumphead-heart-lung-machine
                   Source:               http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/08/090803132750.htm




    Image of lung plaque




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