Ilona Warf's blog ::What You Need To Know About Lung Cancer.
Many people are aware of lung cancer. More than 219,000 new cases were diagnosed in the United States, and more than 159,000 people in the United States died from lung cancer. Most people are also aware that smoking, asbestos, and other harmful substances can cause lung cancer. However, what many people don't know is that there are two specific types of lung cancer that have very different causes and treatments: small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Understanding the difference between the two types of cancer can help patients and families best consider their options. What causes small cell lung cancer? Approximately 13% of lung cancers are small cell lung cancers. Small cell lung cancer is primarily caused by smoking. Tobacco smoke has actually been shown to alter the content of a patient's DNA, leading to a greater likelihood that the cells will grow abnormally and become cancerous. What causes non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)? Approximately 87% of lung cancers are non-small cell. There are three sub-types of NSCLC: squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Each sub-type relates to the specific type of cell affected. NSCLC is closely associated with smoking, as well as asbestos or radon inhalation; the majority of NSCLC cases smoked at some point during their life. Thus, fewer people smoking should unilaterally lower the prevalence and incidence of NSCLC in the United States and worldwide. Secondhand smoke can also contribute to development of NSCLC later in life. How do treatments differ for small cell lung cancer and NSCLC? NSCLC spreads more slowly than small cell lung cancer. Consequently small cell treatment can be more aggressive in the early stages and more palliative in the late stages, because the cancer must be stopped in the early stages to have more hope of eradication. By the time small cell lung cancer gets into the later stages of disease, it is much more difficult to eliminate. In both cases, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery are potential options to treat the disease. If the lung cancer is still in the early stages and relatively confined to one area in one or both lungs, surgery is usually the first option. Radiotherapy is also used in the early stages, though it can also be a cause for lung cancer and is thus used less frequently than other forms of therapy. Chemotherapy is typically involved in later stages of the disease, particularly if the cancer has metastasized, or spread, to other organs or multiple parts of the lung. Source: "Lung Cancer," National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/lung. Accessed 10 March 2010. |
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