2013년 10월 23일 수요일

Ilona Warf's blog ::Long-term exposure of arsenic may increase risk for lung cancer






Ilona Warf's blog ::Long-term exposure of arsenic may increase risk for lung cancer










Should               you               get               screened               for               lung               cancer-even               if               you               are               not               a               smoker?

Actually,               10               to               15               percent               of               lung               cancer               victims               are               not               smokers-and               nonsmoking               women               are               two               to               three               times               more               likely               to               get               the               disease               than               nonsmoking               men.

The               American               Cancer               Society               estimates               73,020               women               will               die               this               year               from               lung               cancer               year-more               than               those               who               will               die               of               breast,               ovarian,               and               uterine               cancers               combined.

Risk               factors               for               lung               cancer               for               both               sexes               include               exposure               to               radon               and               asbestos,               exposure               to               those               who               smoke,               workplace               toxins,               air               pollution,               or               a               family               history               of               cancer.

In               2006               it               was               estimated               that               20,000               nonsmokers               would               develop               lung               cancer,               along               with               about               155,000               current               and               past               current               smokers.

Doctors               are               probing               why               women               nonsmokers               are               so               much               more               likely               to               develop               cancer               than               nonsmoking               men.

Dr.

James               Stevenson               of               the               Cancer               Institute               of               New               Jersey               believes               estrogen               is               responsible               for               the               development               of               cancer               in               women               for               nonsmoking               and               smoking               women.

When               Dana               Reeve,               widow               of               actor               Christopher               Reeve,               and               herself               a               nonsmoker,               died               of               lung               cancer,               the               issue               was               highlighted               to               the               public.
               By               the               time               a               person               has               developed               lung               cancer,               symptoms               may               include               persistent               cough,               unexplained               fever,               weight               loss,               bloody               phlegm               and               shortness               of               breath.

Once               those               symptoms               are               present,               that               85               percent               of               patients               die               within               5               years               of               diagnosis.
               Now               lung               cancer               can               be               detected               early,               according               to               a               2006               multicenter               study.

A               total               of               28,689               symptom-free               men               and               women               were               screened               for               cancer               with               a               spiral               CT               lung               scan.

Most               of               those               diagnosed               with               cancer,               a               total               of               464               patients,               had               small               tumors               that               were               highly               treatable               and               that               had               not               spread               outside               the               lung.
               Claudia               Henschke,               MD,               the               lead               author               of               the               study,               said               screening               could               save               the               lives               of               perhaps               50               percent               of               the               people               with               lung               cancer               who               are               screened.

The               downside               is               the               cost               of               the               screen               is               about               $300,               and               such               a               screening               can               pick               up               harmless               abnormalities               that               can               needlessly               scare               a               patient.
               According               to               Henschke,               those               who               are               at               least               50               or               older               and               have               smoked               a               pack               a               day               for               at               least               10               years               or               two               packs               of               day               for               at               least               five               years               should               be               screened               for               lung               cancer-even               if               they               have               now               quit               smoking.
               According               to               the               University               Of               Florida               Shands               Cancer               Center,               screening               for               cancer               can               be               a               good               thing               for               those               at               high               risk               of               developing               lung               cancer,               and               some               nonsmokers               fall               into               the               category.

The               Center               notes,               however,               that               no               type               of               screening               has               fully               proven               to               decrease               the               number               of               lung               cancer               deaths.

For               that               reason,               it               does               not               recommend               routine               screening               for               everybody.
               Exposure               to               Environmental               Tobacco               Smoke,               more               commonly               known               as               secondhand               smoking               has               been               associated               with               an               increased               chance               of               developing               lung               cancer.

For               that               reason,               if               you               are               around               a               smoker               or               smokers               constantly,               you               might               consider               screening,               even               if               you               are               a               nonsmoker.

According               to               the               Center,               researchers               estimate               that               3,000               nonsmokers               die               every               year               from               lung               cancer               as               a               direct               result               of               secondhand               smoke.
               Air               pollution,               especially               those               that               include               by-products               of               fossil               fuel               combustion,               exhaust               from               motor               vehicles               and               diesel               engines,               and               emissions               from               power               plants               and               industrial               centers               may               cause               cancer,               experts               believe.

Experts               are               not               certain               of               the               effect               of               the               pollutants.
               Asbestos               has               been               shown               to               cause               lung               cancer               and               may               be               found               in               the               home.

Eight               million               people               have               been               exposed               to               asbestos               in               the               workplace               since               World               War               II.

About               5               percent               of               lung               cancers               can               be               traced               to               asbestos.
               Studies               have               shown               that               individuals               who               do               not               smoke               but               are               exposed               to               asbestos               have               a               five               times               greater               chance               of               developing               lung               cancer.

Smokers               who               are               around               asbestos               have               an               even               greater               chance               of               developing               lung               cancer.

A               smoker               who               is               around               asbestos               has               a               90%               greater               chance               of               developing               cancer               than               a               nonsmoker               who               is               not               around               asbestos.
               Radon               has               also               been               shown               to               cause               about               10               percent               of               the               lung               cancers               in               existence,               and               is               the               second               leading               cause               of               the               disease,               after               smoking.

The               naturally               occurring,               invisible               radioactive               gas               may               be               in               soils               and               rocks               and               seep               into               homes               and               other               buildings.

Some               geographic               areas               have               radon               in               greater               concentration,               but               it               can               occur               anywhere.
               The               only               way               to               be               certain               if               a               home               has               radon               is               to               perform               a               test.

Homeowners               can               purchase               a               kit               to               do               just               that.

If               elevated               levels               exist,               homeowners               will               need               to               take               steps               to               eliminate               the               problem.

As               for               radon,               individuals               concerned               about               their               risk               level               at               work               should               talk               with               their               employers               or               OSHA.
               There               are               many               factors               which               create               a               higher               risk               for               lung               cancer,               with               smoking               being               the               greatest.

As               we               have               seen,               a               person               can               be               at               risk               for               the               disease,               even               if               he               does               not               smoke.

For               that               reason,               depending               on               the               level               of               the               risk               factors               you               are               exposed               to,               you               might               want               to               consider               screening               for               lung               cancer,               even               if               you               are               a               nonsmoker.




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